Study Guide for Test #2

Study Guide for Test #2

Chapter 4

1. Know the parts of cell theory.
2. Know the scientists who came up parts of the cell theory.
3. Know how larger cells can have an effective surface area to volume ratio.
4. Know the various organelles of both the animal and plant cells.
A. Nucleoli/nucleolus
B. Nucleus
C. Rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D. Ribosomes
E. Golgi apparatus
F. Vesicles, including:
1. Lysosome
2. Perioxisome
3. Vacuole
G. Plasma membrane
H. Mitochondria
I. Chloroplast
J. Centriole
K. Cytoskeleton elements
1. Microtubules
a. Cilia
b. Flagella
c. Mitotic spindle
2. Intermediate filament
3. Actin filaments
a. Pseudopod
b. Cytoplasm division
L. Cytoplasm vs cytosol
5. Know their functions, structures, components, etc. Know what will happen if these structures are damaged or removed.
6. Be able to recognize them.
7. Know how the endomembrane system is connected.
8. Know which the direction the vesicles move within the endomembrane system.
9. Know the experiment performed by Bracht and Hammerling using Acetobularia.

Chapter 5

10. Know the following terms: diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, osmotic pressure, concentration gradient, passive transport, active transport.
11. Know how each of the above terms functions.
12. Know what kind of molecules can diffuse through a biological membrane.
13. Know the following terms: isotonic, hypertonic, hypotonic.
14. Know how plant cells and animal cells react in each of the types of solutions listed above.
15. Know the mechanism of the sodium - potassium pump.
16. Know the mechanism of GLUT1
17. Know the mechanism of the cotransport of sodium and glucose.
18. Know the ‘fluid mosaic model.’ Know the structure of a plasma membrane.
19. Know the difference between peripheral and integral membrane proteins.
A. Know the kinds of integral membrane proteins.
B. Know how peripheral proteins associate with the membrane.
20. Know the following: facilitated diffusions, pinocytosis, phagocytosis, exocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis. Know how each functions and proceeds. Know the reason for each process.
21. Know the various types of cell connections: dermatomes, tight junctions, gap junctions, plasmodesmata. Know their structures, functions, locations in cells, types of cells they are found in, etc.
22. Know how cholesterol functions within the membrane.

Chapter 6

23. Know the correct sequence of events in cell signaling.
24. Know the various types of signals: paracrine, hormone, neutrotransmitter. Know examples of each.
25. Know the characteristics of intracellular signals vs signals received by transmembrane receptor signals.
26. Know the following terms: signal cascade,
27. Know the functions of the following: adenylyl cyclase, protein kinase, tyrosine kinase, phospholipase C,
28. Know the different types of transmembrane receptors: G protein-linked, enzyme-linked, channel-linked.
29. Know how each kind of transmembrane receptor functions in cell communication/cell signaling. Know examples of each kind of cell communication with the different types of transmembrane receptor.
30. Know what a domain is as it relates to proteins. Know the functions of the different functions.
31. Know the example of the cholera toxin and how it prevents signal termination.
32. Know examples of second messangers and their functions within cell signaling.

In General

33. Know the answers to the quiz questions.
34. Know the answers to the Course Objectives.